This strange pyramid always lands on the same face, confirming the theory of 40 years old

“Bille” is the first monosary of the quadruple ever, or a pyramid -like shape with four triple faces that have one stable position. What this means is that Bille, regardless of how to throw it and how it lands, will return to the exact same aspect every time.

In a conversation Preprint presented to ArxivMathematics revealed the first physical model for Billy, as they closed a contract of contracts that were proposed by the famous British mathematician John Conway. Bille is made of lightweight carbon fibers and dense tungsten carbid, and represents a group of sarcasm advanced engineering decisions – making this technological achievement as much as sporting investigation.

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Therefore, it is not surprising that its self-ownership is given to some of the exciting applications of Faceflight-which was special experience Two talks recently Landing accidents With Landers Lunar Landers.

In his initial guess, Conway pretended that the quadruple of weight is unevenly distributed on his sides will always turn the same aspect, although Konway a few years later rejected the idea. Some mathematicians still believe that there can be something, and he is a co -author of the study Robert DawsonWho almost succeeded in proving Conway in the eighties using lead chips and bamboo sticks.

“But my memory was that this was almost only because of the angular momentum,” Dawson, a mathematician at St. Mary University in Canada, told Gizmodo. “On the way, if a car appears through a stumbling block on the way and is already moving, you will overcome it thanks to the angular momentum. But it may be difficult to start this bump.”

Ideally, the quadruple monochromatic should not need another batch to flound on the “basic” side. For a while, it seemed as if the Conway theory would end in a box of mathematics that are not somewhat aiming-even about three years ago, when Mathematics Gabor Domukos And his student, Girg Aldi at the University of Budapest Technology and Economics, continues to Dawson. Domokos, a long -standing expert in a difficult budget in engineering, had already discovered GömböcA circular object balances only on two points like Roly-Poly.

While an impressive discovery, Gömböc, often its round design, is multi -sided, characterized by relatively easy conditions for self -balance. He said that the lower the sides of the number and the smallest angles on each side, the more difficult it is to make this number unilateral.

Pictures of six common aspects. “If the matter is fair, it will fall on every way with an equal possibility,” Domoko explained. Even if someone cheats and adjusts death by placing some additional weight on a few surfaces, the possibility will turn a little, but it should be possible to die on all its faces.

In this sense, the quadruple, with its pointed corners and small sharp corners across its four sides, makes it “the most difficult problem, the highest category” of forms in terms of redness – which makes a kind of engineering miracle.

Which really happened. After deriveing ​​a theoretical model for the dimensions of Bell, the run -up, the architecture student, led to the pursuit of building a structure, in some way, there was one side of “really heavy material, almost light parts, and almost empty skeleton.” The team settled on the carbon tubes of the skeleton, and for the base, the dense tungsten carbide – a heavy metal alloy like steel.

Even after all, a problem remained: for some reason, Bell continued to drop on two different aspects, not the intended side.

“Then we looked at it, and there was a very small ball of glue that was sticking to one party!” Domoko shouted. Despite the main engineers’ assurances that there was no difference, Domoko insisted on removing the small point of glue – the density and shape was calculated with silly accurate.

And – voilà. Bell made sports history.

However, engineers played a big role in making this possible. “They were all part of the construction process – engineering, engineering and technological design. They all needed to click. If you take out any of these things, this does not work.”

To make sure that Bell was not just a one-time worm, the Domokos team succeeded in creating a second model-although this may not be anything that one can make easily at home. “We wish good luck to anyone doing it,” Domokos joked. “But someone is doing it now has a great advantage compared to us, because we did not know if he would work.”

Domokos is particularly excited to see what may become Bell more below the line. He explained that one of the reasons for Domokos unwillingness to stop is just Bell’s modeling is because of Gömböc. Like many aesthetic sporting breaches, Gömböc got a lot of love from artistic societies and Natural scientists paint the similarities between göböc shellsAny domokos is expected more or less.

What he did not expect is that Novo Nordsek, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, will be concerned with the principles of Gömböc design for The insulin capsule that leads itself Once the stomach enters, get rid of the need for needle injection.

“It looked very strange – like science fiction,” said Domokos. “Gömböc taught me that physical bodies are very important – there are many bright people who are not thinking mathematically, but they can look at something and will reflect in their minds many other things.”

However, it is likely to be some time – if that – before Bille ends in the scheme of the latest Lunar Lander, which Domokos knows it will be very difficult. “When you develop something, you have to wait and the technological innovation will be attached to the knees. Sometimes it takes 100 years, and sometimes it takes 10 years. Mathematics always progress a little.”