Jake Sullivan, White House national security adviser, talks about China policy

“I think this has a practical answer, which is agreements between governments that establish effective security guarantees and transparency around devices and the weights of models and knowledge, and this is what we have worked on in our journey. The MOU (memorandum of understanding) with the United Arab Emirates, and I believe that this is a sustainable model for having “A strong technological partnership with that country, as well as other countries, gives the United States a series of economic and strategic advantages, where the alternative is to have them go into the Chinese technological orbit, which we do not want.”

On the types of trade agreements Asian countries want:

“What countries are looking for, in my opinion, is becoming increasingly detailed. It’s not just about some kind of broad market access. It’s the specific needs of a country thinking about its economic model for the future. And so the economic dialogues that we’ve been having with these countries and the appeal of the United States It’s about much more than just: Can we lower barriers to market access?

“So let me give you some examples. As for Japan, they really wanted an MOU for critical metals so that they would have a path to the benefits of the IRA. That was their first demand, and it is more important to them than any A broader trade deal. With Indonesia, it’s exactly the same and that’s basically what Indonesia is looking for, they want to reach a significant, high-standard minerals agreement so that there will be an influx of Indonesian nickel into the US electric vehicle industry, batteries, etc. The other.

On whether American workers and industries have benefited from previous free trade agreements:

“So where did the workers get into that? Now you could say, well, the workers fit into that. They’ll get less expensive goods, and that’s good for them, and to some extent, that’s true, so I don’t hate free trade. But it has to have Some element of the theory of how to maintain the American industrial base, the ability to build here, and that’s why I actually think that things like the IRA and the Critical Minerals Agreement with Japan are a good, more rational way to think about moving forward Free trade.

On what Mr. Sullivan learned from his meetings with Mr. Xi and Mr. Wang:

“The biggest thing that comes to my mind is the meeting with Xi — and it was reinforced in the meeting that President Biden had with Xi, and significantly in the meetings with Wang Yi as well, but interspersed between them — that is what interests me.” We see that when we took power, the Chinese view was: If you are going to compete with us, we will not cooperate with you, and we will not have lines of communication. You can’t have it both ways. You have to choose. We have stuck to our theory, which is directed competition: we will compete, we will compete hard, but that does not mean that we should not find areas to work together wherever we have it. Mutual interest at the same time we compete. In order to compete responsibly, we must have communications at all levels, including maintaining communication between the two militaries.

“As we leave, the People’s Republic of China has adopted, at least for now, the competition that it runs, not in the way it talks, but in the way it runs the relationship. We have found areas to work together: in the fight against drugs, in artificial intelligence, in nuclear risks, And the climate. We have maintained sustainable communications, including communications between the two armies, and we are competing, and obviously competing strongly, and yet the relationship still has an element of stability, so we are not currently on the verge of a downward spiral. This is an important development over four years Years for how Relationship management on both sides, which is consistent with our theory of relationship management that the People’s Republic of China has now reflected.