Intelligence developed on Earth independently twice

“How did we end up with similar circles that were more flexible than I expected,” Zarimba said. “You can build the same circles of different cells.”

Zaremba and her team also found that in the day birds, neurons that begin to develop in different areas can ripen to the same type of neurons in adults. This pushed against previous opinions, which have held that the distinguished areas of the fetus should generate different types of neurons.

In mammals, brain growth follows an intuitive path: the cells in the embryonic tonsil area at the beginning of development in the extreme almonds. Cells in the fetal cortex area end in the adult crust. But in birds, “there is a great reorganization of the front supply,” said Güntürkün, “this is nothing.”

Combating, studies provide clearer evidence so far that birds and mammals have independently evolved the brain areas for complex perception. They are also echo Previous research from the Tosches’ Lab.Which found that the modern mammal cerebral cortex developed independently from the reptiles.

However, it seems likely that there is some inheritance of a common ancestor. In a third study that used deep learning, Kempynck and its author, Nikolai Hakker found that mice, chicken and human beings Share some DNA extensions Which affects the development of the modern cerebral cortex or DVR, indicating that similar genetic tools work in both types of animals. As previous studies have suggested, research groups found that inhibited neurons, or those that control and adjust neurological signals, were preserved through birds and mammals.

The results of the discussion did not complete the karat and the entire police. Who was her thoughts closer to the truth? Tosches said that Puelles was right, while Güntürkün thought the results better reflect Karten’s ideas, although they would partially work on Puelles. “They both were right; neither of them was wrong,” said Garcia Moreno.

How to build intelligence

Intelligence does not come with the instructions guide. Tosches said it is difficult to determine, there are no perfect steps towards it, and it has no perfect design. Innovations can occur in animal biology, whether in new genes and organizing them, or in new nerve cells, circles and brain areas. But similar innovations can evolve several times independently – a phenomenon known as convergence development – and is seen throughout life.

He said: “One of the reasons that make me such papers is that they highlight a lot of differences.” Bradley ColketMolecular nerve scientist at the University of California, Santa Cruise. “It allows you to say: What are the different neurological solutions that these creatures have reached to solve similar problems in living in a complex world and the ability to adapt to a rapidly changed land environment?”

Octopotototens, and in -cutting, independently of mammals, the eyes resembling the camera. Birds, bats and insects are all taken to the sky on their own. Garcia Moreno said: “If they build the pyramids by building the pyramids independently-the most structurally efficient form that will test the time of time,” if they make a tower, it will fall. If they made a wall, it will not work. “

Likewise, “there are limited degrees of freedom through which you can generate a smart brain, at least within vertebrates.” Drink outside the world of vertebrates, and you can generate a smart brain in more strange ways – from our point of view, in any case. She said, “It is the wild West.” Octopus, for example, “Evolution intelligence in a completely independent way”. Their cognitive structures do not look like us, but they are built of the same wide type of cells: neurons. However, octopus that perform incredible exploits such as escape from pelvic tanks, puzzle solved, unwritten jar covers, and carrying shells as shields.

Collection said it would be exciting to know how intelligence octopuses have evolved using really different nerve structures. In this way, it may be possible to determine any absolute restrictions on the development of intelligence in all animal species, not only vertebrates.

Zarimba said that such results can eventually reveal common features of various intelligences. What are the building blocks of the brain that can think critically, use tools, or form abstract ideas? This understanding can help search for intelligence outside the planet – and helps improve our artificial intelligence. For example, the way we are currently thinking about using visions of development to improve artificial intelligence is very anthropoxor. “I will really be curious to see if we can build like artificial intelligence from the perspective of birds,” said Kempynkk. “How does the bird think? Can we imitate it?”

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The original story Recal it with permission from Quanta magazineand An independent editorial publication for Simonz Foundation Its mission is to enhance the general understanding of science by covering research developments and trends in mathematics, physical sciences and life.