Amnesty International determines the author of “Scroll Scroll, which was buried by Vesuvius” for 2000 years

For the first time, the author researchers identified a close address in a charred pass since 2000 years ago – without peeling one layer.

Passing, Perc. 172, it was recovered from the ruins of Hercules, the ancient Roman city that was buried by ash and the wreckage of Jabal Vizovius in 79 AD. The scroll is one of the three Hercules manuscripts that are now residing in Bodlian libraries in Oxford.

Thanks to high -resolution examination and some smartly smart learning, scientists managed to “decipher” the papyrus and read the name at home: On vicingBy the philosopher philodemus.

Thesis – the full name is running On the vices and their opposite virtues and for those who are and about whatAccording to Fine Books MagazineIt is basically ancient self -help, exploring how to live a virtuous life by avoiding vice. Philodemus has written work in the first century BC, and it may now be read for the first time since he was buried in the devastating volcanic explosion nearly 2000 years ago.

This discovery, which was confirmed by multiple research teams, has won the project for the first title prize of $ 60,000 from Vesuvius Challenge, an open science competition that makes old texts readable using artificial intelligence.

In recent years, artificial intelligence has had an effective role in deciphering the ancient pent -up wifs of Hercules, a Roman town buried by the Mount Visovius eruption in 79. These manuscripts, which were first discovered in the eighteenth century, include what is now known as a villa in Villa in Al -Buroubi, one of the only libraries surviving the classic world.

Because of its fragile and monster, traditional methods (reading: manual) to cancel the manuscripts often destroy them. Now, the researchers use advanced photography and machine learning to read these texts without opening them at all.

The turning point came in 2015, when scientists used X-ray tomography to read a different old pass from E-Edi, which led to a three-dimensional examination that could be almost “covered”. Accordingly, researchers at the University of Kentucky have developed the audio maps, a program that uses careful photography to detect the faint effects of carbon ink on rolls.

Since the ink does not contain a metal, unlike many old writing materials, a nervous network should have been trained to identify the exact patterns that indicate ink on the pasta papyri. In 2019, the researchers succeeded Prejudiced This technique, setting the stage for the broader applications.

These breakthroughs were crowned in Vesuvius ChallengeWhich was launched in 2023 to collect the unsuccessful pride tricker. Participants use artificial intelligence tools – especially the nerve nerve networks and transformer models – to determine the text and rebuild it inside the manuscripts. In October 2023, the first word (“purple”) was read from an unsuccessful pass, and won a prize of 40,000 dollars. The challenge continues, with prizes to decode additional text and improve technology.

Brent Sells, the computer world at Kentucky University and co -founder of The Vesuvius Challenge, told, Guardian The current bottleneck of the team is to clean the scanning data, organize it and enhance it so that researchers can already explain the ink ink as a text.

More importantly, the digital chaos is guided by human experience. Artificial intelligence highlighted the possible ink fields on old documents, but scientists explain the patterns to determine whether they form coherent words or phrases. The goal is not only to restore the lost philosophical texts, which may be many by Epicurus or its followers, but also to create a systematic system for digitizing old texts and decipher them – with our understanding of the classic world.